Expat Money Archive | William Russell https://www.william-russell.com/blog/topics/expat-money/ Making the expat experience healthier & safer. Thu, 12 Jun 2025 08:10:01 +0000 en-GB hourly 1 https://www.william-russell.com/wp-content/uploads/cropped-favicon-32x32-1-32x32.png Expat Money Archive | William Russell https://www.william-russell.com/blog/topics/expat-money/ 32 32 The Cost Of Living Abroad In 2025: Most And Least Expensive Countries For Expats https://www.william-russell.com/blog/expensive-countries-expats/ Tue, 10 Jun 2025 11:28:33 +0000 https://wrmainstaging.wpengine.com/?p=43172 Which countries are the priciest for expats—and which offer better value? Discover the most and least expensive countries around the world.

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Relocating to another country is an exciting experience full of fresh opportunities—new culture, new cuisine, and the chance to start over. But for expats, it also comes with a financial reality check.

If you’re dreaming of expat life in 2025, it’s essential to understand how much your new lifestyle might actually cost. So, where does expat life cost the most—and where can your money go further?

Senior couple carefully reviewing their household energy bill together on a laptop at home

What makes a country expensive for expats?

The cost of living can vary dramatically from one destination to another and what seems like a dream move could become a budgeting nightmare if you’re not prepared. From sky-high rent and restaurant bills to unexpected utility costs, your money might not stretch as far as it did back home.

So where are the world’s most expensive countries for expats in 2025—and where can you live well for less? We’ve analysed living expenses in countries around the world to uncover where expats are likely to spend the most—or save the most—in 2025. Our ranking takes into account a range of everyday expenses, including public transport, fuel, internet and utility bills, eating out, and gym memberships.

Understanding these differences can help you plan your relocation more realistically. And remember—if you’re planning to move abroad, don’t forget about income protection insurance. For expats living abroad, it ensures financial security while navigating an unfamiliar country where support systems may be limited or hard to access.

What is income protection insurance and how can it support you?
Our full guide covers everything you need to know

What is the most expensive country for expats?

Switzerland is the most expensive country for expats

The most expensive countries for expats

1/ Switzerland

Expat Expenditure Score: 9.29/10

Switzerland has the highest cost of living, scoring 9.29 out of 10. The central European nation has the highest average price of a gym membership at £65.74/US$87.40 a month, and the most expensive cinema tickets at £18.15/US$24.13 per ticket on average. It also places second for average public transport tickets (£3.08/US$4.10) and restaurant meals (£99.84/US$132.74).

2/ Iceland

Expat Expenditure Score: 8.48/10

Iceland takes second place for four of the factors we examined. The Nordic nation has the most expensive public transport at £3.77/US$5.01 and petrol costs at £1.84/US$2.44 per litre. It also has the most costly monthly internet bills (£60.44/US$80.36) and eating out costs, at £103/US$136.95 on average for two people. However, it has some of the cheapest utility bills on the list, at £64.31/US$85.50 a month, on average.

3/ Norway

Expat Expenditure Score: 7.72/10

Norway rounds out the top three. The Scandinavian nation ranks in the top third for most of the factors we looked at. However, it has the third-highest public transport costs, at £3.00/US$3.99 for a one-way ticket. The country also ranks in the top five for the price of a restaurant meal, £71.47/US$95.02, and average monthly internet costs around £44.24/US$58.82.

It’s no secret that the UK is suffering a cost of living crisis
We compare the cost of living in the UK vs abroad

Which is the cheapest country for expats?

Mexico is the cheapest country for expats

The cheapest countries for expats

1/ Mexico

Expat Expenditure Score: 0.67/10

Mexico is the least expensive country in terms of the cost of living, with an overall score of 0.67 out of 10. The North American nation has the cheapest average utility bills and the cheapest gym membership on the list at £46.06/US$61.24 and £25.21/US$33.52 respectively.

2/ Lithuania

Expat Expenditure Score: 2.23/10

Lithuania, in the Baltic region of Europe, is next. The country has the cheapest average internet bill, at £11.64/US$15.47 per month. It also ranks in the top five for public transport costs, at £0.85/US$1.13 for a one-way ticket, giving it an overall score of 2.23 out of 10.

2/ Poland

Expat Expenditure Score: 2.23/10

Lithuania’s neighbour, Poland, is in joint-second place. The country has the second-cheapest cinema tickets, at £5.77/US$7.67 and monthly internet costs at £12.26/US$16.43, and ranks third for its gym membership prices at £27.71/US$36.84 per month.

The most expensive countries for…

Public transport

Iceland – £3.77 for a one-way ticket

When you move abroad, familiarising yourself with your new home is essential, and public transport is the most cost-effective and convenient way to explore your surroundings.

However, if you’re considering relocating to Iceland, it has the most expensive public transport at £3.77/US$5.01 for a one-way ticket on average.

It’s important to think about the quality of healthcare
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Petrol

Iceland – £1.84 per litre

If you rely on a car to get you around, petrol prices can be a huge factor in your cost of living expenses. Due to its high fuel tax rates, Iceland has the most expensive average petrol prices, at £1.84/US$2.44 per litre.

Utility bills

Austria – £282.19 a month

Necessities like water and electricity are essential for living comfortably. However, utility bills can vary from country to country. Austria has the highest utility bills on the list, averaging £282.19/US$375.19 a month, thanks to increasing infrastructure maintenance costs being passed on to customers.

Life expectancies can differ greatly from country to country
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Internet bills

Iceland – £60.44 a month

Staying connected with your family and friends back home through video calls and social media can help stop you from feeling homesick as an expat. Due to the lack of competition from internet providers in a country as small as Iceland, it has the most expensive average internet bills, at £60.44/US$80.36 a month.

Gym membership

Switzerland- £65.74 a month

Going to the gym as an expat won’t just keep you healthy. It lets you socialise with locals and other expats, make new friends, and improve your language skills. However, this is a bit more difficult in Switzerland, as it has the highest gym membership fees at £65.74/US$87.40 a month on average.

What can you do if you’re feeling lonely abroad?
Discover 10 ways to beat expat and digital nomad loneliness

Cinema tickets

Switzerland- £18.15

Watching local films or even dubbed international releases can help sharpen your language skills in a fun and immersive way. For those considering a move to Switzerland, the cost of this activity is the highest average cinema ticket price, at £18.15/US$24.13.

Restaurants

Iceland – £103

Visiting restaurants allows you to explore the local cuisine and experience the local culture in your chosen country. However, the average restaurant bill in Iceland will set you back £103/US$136.95 for two people. This is due to the country’s reliance on food imports, which pushes prices up. 

We all know the importance of eating healthily
We explore some of the healthiest diets in the world

Which country spends the highest proportion of its income on the cost of living?

Estonia spends the most on the cost of living

Estonia has the highest cost of living

1/ Estonia

14.7% of monthly income spent on the cost of living

Estonia takes the top spot as the country spending the most on the cost of living. Estonians spend around a sixth (14.7%) of their monthly income on essentials. The highest cost is utility bills, averaging £229.95/US$305.74 a month, nearly a tenth (9.4%) of the average monthly income.

2/ Greece

13.9% of monthly income spent on the cost of living

Greece takes second place, with an average income of £1,975/US$2,520 a month, £274.50/US$364.97 of which is spent on the cost of living, or nearly one-sixth (13.9%). The cost of living is so high in Greece due to a sharp increase in inflation caused by rising food and energy prices. From January to July 2024, food prices in Greece rose by 3.9%, 0.6% higher than the EU average.

3/ Slovak Republic

13.6% of monthly income spent on the cost of living

Next is the Slovak Republic, where the average resident spends a seventh (13.6%) of their income on the cost of living. High inflation rates and a lack of real wage growth in recent years have contributed to the country’s high cost of living.

It’s important to look after your health, safety and well-being abroad
We look at how you can protect your life and well-being as an expat

Protect your income, protect your lifestyle

Life abroad can be full of opportunity—but it can also be unpredictable, especially when the cost of living is high. Whether you’re relocating for work or chasing a new adventure, it’s important to safeguard the income that supports your lifestyle.

At William Russell, we’ve spent over 30 years supporting expats around the world with tailored international insurance solutions. Our international income protection insurance gives you a financial safety net if illness or injury stops you from working—so you can keep up with your living costs—wherever life takes you. Speak to our award-winning team today to find out how we can help.

Discover how income protection insurance can help safeguard your life abroad

Learn More

Methodology

Beginning with a list of OECD countries, we analysed each country on the following factors. We then gave each country a normalised score out of ten for each factor before taking an average range across these scores to reach our final overall score out of ten.

From Numbeo’s Cost of Living Index, we recorded the following data:

  1. The average price for a one-way ticket on public transport.
  2. The average price for a litre of petrol.
  3. The average cost of basic utilities, including electricity, heating, cooling, and water.
  4. The average price of internet bills.
  5. The average cost of a fitness club membership.
  6. The average price of a cinema ticket
  7. The average price of a three-course meal for two at a mid-range restaurant.

To find the proportion of monthly salary spent on the cost of living for each country, we added the cost of utilities, internet, fitness club membership, cinema tickets, and a meal at a mid-range restaurant to find the total overall monthly expenditure in each country, taken from Numbeo. We then sourced the average annual wage in each country from the OECD and divided this by 12 to find the average monthly salary, before dividing monthly expenditure by average monthly wages to find the proportion in each country.

Currencies were converted from USD to GBP on 25/04/2025 using xe.com.

Data was collected in April 2025 and is correct as of then.

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Expat Wills: How To Write A Legal Will While Living Abroad https://www.william-russell.com/blog/expat-wills/ Wed, 22 Jan 2025 12:42:06 +0000 https://wrmainstaging.wpengine.com/?p=41435 Learn how expat wills work, and what you need to think about when preparing expat wills in multiple countries.

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Writing a will is one of the most important steps in legacy and estate planning, ensuring that your estate and assets are distributed according to your wishes. For expats, however, this process can present unique challenges. The rules governing inheritance and property transfer vary widely between countries, which can make it more complex to ensure your will is legally valid and recognised in all relevant regions.

That said, there are some general rules that work for most countries, and can make expat wills easier to get your head around. Let’s take a look at how expat wills work, and what you need to think about when preparing expat wills in multiple countries.

This article is for general informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. While we aim to provide helpful guidance on will writing for expats, we are not legal professionals. Laws regarding wills and estate planning vary by country, and we strongly recommend consulting a qualified legal professional to ensure your will is valid and meets the legal requirements of your jurisdiction. William Russell accepts no liability for any decisions made based on the information in this article.

A happy young mom at her desk at home in front of her laptop, holding her baby boy

How to write a will abroad

Writing a will is an essential part of planning for the future, giving you peace of mind that your estate and assets will be distributed according to your wishes.

For most people, writing a will is straightforward. It typically involves naming beneficiaries who will inherit your estate, appointing an executor to oversee the distribution, and signing the document in the presence of one or two witnesses. It is important to note that these witnesses cannot be beneficiaries themselves.

But for expats, the process can become more complex, particularly if you have assets in multiple countries. Legal systems differ, and the rules governing inheritance, property transfer, and even the validity of wills can vary widely between different regions or nations.

Understanding these differences is crucial to ensure your will is legally binding and that your intentions are respected.

Thinking about international life insurance?

As an expat, international life insurance is important if you want to protect your family’s financial wellbeing and quality of life should you die unexpectedly. Get a quick quote online now – it takes less than 2 minutes!

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What should an expat will cover?

Just like any other will, an expat will should lay out how you want your estate to be distributed after you die. This will include any property you own, your possessions, savings and investments, business assets and so on.

A will can also leave instructions for your funeral, detailing whether you want to be buried or cremated and what music you wish to be played. While funeral arrangements aren’t legally binding, having some instructions in place can make the process easier for your loved ones. 

Finally, your will must name your executors. These are the people you trust to carry out the wishes outlined in your will. You should be aware that this can be a time-consuming and complex process, especially if you have assets in multiple countries, so be sure to choose someone you feel will be capable of the responsibility and not too overwhelmed. If you have assets spread across multiple countries, you may wish to name different executors to cover each territory.

If you have complicated family or business circumstances, your estate is international, or exceeds your home country’s inheritance tax threshold, you may wish to seek professional advice before writing your will.

Life insurance is there to protect your family if you pass away
Find out more about how international life insurance works

How do expat wills work if you have assets in more than one country?

Different countries have different laws when it comes to wills, which can affect you in various ways.

As an expat, you will need to be aware of both the national and local laws that govern wills, how your residency/citizenship status affects your will, and how your will is to be executed after you pass away. 

If you have assets in more than one country, you should be prepared to write more than one will.

Each will should be countersigned by a local citizen, and you should consider naming a local executor in each will, as they will be responsible for the processes of distributing your assets after you pass away – which may involve filling in lots of local legal paperwork.

To understand how to write a will for multiple countries, let’s break it down by the type of assets you might leave behind:

Personal assets

Your personal assets are all your personal belongings. These can range from simple things like books, furniture and collectables, up to significant  heirlooms such as jewellery, cars and small boats. These are the things you could physically hand over to someone else and are referred to as your ‘moveable assets’. Pets also fall into this category, as do your digital possessions (for instance, your social media accounts and any digital purchases you have made).

In most cases, personal assets are dealt with under the law of your home country. This is the case in the UK, for instance, meaning if you are a British citizen residing in Brazil, your personal assets should be divvied up according to the terms of your British will, regardless of whether those items are in the UK or Brazil at the time of your death. 

There are some exceptions to this rule. Some countries have what’s known as ‘forced heirship rules’, which mandate that certain portions of an estate (usually up to 50%) must go to specific heirs (usually your children or spouse) regardless of the terms of a foreign will. Brazil is one of these countries, so for a British citizen residing in Brazil, the laws of forced heirship could override their UK will for all aspects of the estate, including personal assets.

Other countries with forced heirship rules include France, Spain, Italy, Japan and a number of Caribbean islands.

Does Sharia Law impact inheritance?

Sharia law governs inheritance in countries like the UAE, Saudi Arabia, and Qatar and follows strict rules that differ significantly from Western inheritance systems.

Under Sharia, the estate is divided into fixed shares among heirs, with male heirs typically receiving a larger portion than female heirs. Non-Muslim spouses and other relatives may have limited or no inheritance rights, depending on the jurisdiction.

For expats, this can create challenges, especially if they wish to distribute their estate differently. Some countries, like the UAE, allow expats to opt for the laws of their home country for certain assets by registering a foreign will, but this option varies and often requires careful planning and legal advice.

How does international life insurance benefit you and your family?
Discover 8 reasons to take out life insurance when moving abroad

Immovable assets

Your immovable assets cover any property you own, whether in your home country, or overseas. In general, immovable assets will be governed by the laws of the country the property is in

For example, if you are a British citizen who owns a house in Spain and a flat in the UK, you will need to have two wills: a Spanish will to delineate your Spanish property, and an English will to delineate your property in the UK. This is because the property laws in each country are different, as are the taxes related to inheriting property (more on this later). 

One notable succession to this rule is the EU Succession Regulation.

What is the EU Succession Regulation (Brussels IV)?

For EU countries that adopted Brussels IV, expats can choose the law of their nationality to govern their entire estate. This applies to individuals of any nationality who have assets in an EU member state that has adopted the regulation and can be useful for avoiding double taxation related to inheritance.

The choice to opt into Brussels IV must be explicitly stated in your will for regulation to apply. As of 2024, the regulation applies to all EU member states apart from Denmark and Ireland. The UK is also not included.

Savings

Personal savings, including bank accounts and investment funds, are generally considered moveable assets, which means they are usually governed by the laws of your home country. 

However, in many cases, location matters. If your savings are held in accounts in your home country, they will be distributed according to the laws of that country. On the other hand, accounts held in your country of residence may be governed by local law unless that country has regulations that could exempt you from this rule (such as the EU Succession Regulation).

Forced heirship also applies to savings. This means that if you had US$250,000 savings in a Brazilian bank account, by Brazilian law, 50% of this amount would have to be split in set amounts between your marital partner and your children (not recognising stepchildren or civil partnerships), regardless of what you’ve laid out in your will.

Business assets 

Shares in a company are also considered moveable assets and so in theory should be governed by the law in the expat’s home country. However, if the company is registered in a different country, local inheritance and succession laws may come into play

For example, if a Canadian expat owned a business registered in Spain, the business assets will be subject to Spanish inheritance laws, with local forced heirship rules applying to the business value. If the business has a physical residence overseas, this could be even more complicated. 

With so many different laws to think about, you should consider seeking legal advice when writing a will for assets in more than one country. This is especially important as expats will need to write their wills in such a way that they do not contradict each other by law.

It’s important to look after your health, safety and well-being
Here’s how to protect your life and well-being as an expat

What happens if I don’t write a will?  

If you don’t have a legally binding will at the time of your death, or if your will cannot be found, the laws of intestacy apply.

This means your estate will be divided according to the standard rites of your home country, your country of residence, and any other countries where you own possessions. Depending on how much you own, where you are from and where you are living at the time of your death, this could create a messy situation, and the person or persons who inherit your possessions may not be the ones whom you intended.

A common example of this is that a long-term partner (i.e. one whom you are not married nor in a civil partnership with) will not inherit anything under most laws, even if you have children together. The same applies to stepchildren, nieces and nephews. 

Each country has its own rules dictating what happens to an estate when someone dies without a will, and these rules may be applied to the deceased’s estate regardless of nationality.

Remember: these rules may apply if your will cannot be found, if it is not legally binding (e.g. it is not countersigned) or if it is damaged. For this reason, you may wish to consider leaving your will with a solicitor. They will ensure the will is fit for purpose and kept in a safe place.

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Inheritance tax on expat estates

When it comes to inheritance tax on expat estates, things can get complicated. Which country has the right to tax your estate comes down to a mix of factors, including where you currently live, where your assets are located, and your nationality.

In order to do best by your loved ones, there are two key things you’ll need to think about when writing your expat will. These are:

1/ Double taxation risks

One of the biggest concerns for expats is the risk of being taxed in more than one country. For example, if you’re a British expat living in Spain, you might find your estate subject to UK inheritance tax (based on domicile) and Spanish succession tax (based on asset location). 

While some countries have treaties to avoid double taxation, not all do, so it’s crucial to plan ahead and think about where you keep your most valuable assets.

2/ Rates and exemptions vary

Inheritance tax rules and thresholds can vary wildly from country to country. In some places, like the UK, inheritance tax is charged at a flat rate of 40% on estates above a certain threshold (£325,000 at the time of writing). Meanwhile, countries like France apply a progressive tax based on the relationship between the deceased and the heir, with children enjoying more favourable rates than distant relatives or unrelated heirs.

To make sure your loved ones aren’t caught off guard by hefty tax bills, be sure to research the inheritance tax rules in both your home country and your country of residence – especially to see if the two countries have a double taxation treaty.

And remember, inheritance tax planning for expats can be complex wherever you are in the world, so consulting a specialist is essential to minimise liabilities and ensure your wishes are honoured.

Curious about what taxes you’ll need to pay as an expat?
We look at different types of tax systems around the world

International life insurance designed with you in mind

Our international life insurance policy is tailor-made for expats. It offers worldwide coverage, so no matter what happens while you’re living or travelling abroad, you can enjoy total peace of mind.

For over 30 years, William Russell has specialised in helping expats like you get the insurance they need at a great price. We are proud of our award-winning customer service and our comprehensive policies that have helped families live their lives to the full.

Could your family benefit from international life insurance?

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The Cost Of Living In Indonesia For Expats https://www.william-russell.com/blog/the-cost-of-living-in-indonesia-for-expats/ Tue, 30 Jul 2024 08:30:36 +0000 https://wrmainstaging.wpengine.com/?p=40232 Find out how the cost of living crisis has affected expats and digital nomads living in Indonesia.

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With its vibrant culture, stunning landscapes and welcoming communities, Indonesia is an increasingly popular destination for expats. As the world’s largest archipelago, Indonesia offers a diverse and enriching experience, whether you choose to live in the bustling capital city of Jakarta, the cultural heart of Yogyakarta or the serene paradise of Bali.

In this guide, we’ll delve into the various aspects of the cost of living in Indonesia. From housing and utilities to groceries, transportation and healthcare, we’ll provide you with all the information you need to budget effectively and make the most of your new home. Let’s take a closer look at the cost of living in Indonesia as an expat.

A drone picture of the waterfront in Jakarta in Indonesia
A drone picture of the waterfront in Jakarta / GETTY IMAGES

Cost of living in Indonesia

Expats in Indonesia can enjoy a relatively low cost of living. That’s not only compared to Western countries, but even to many other countries in South East Asia. As of 2024, the cost of living in Indonesia is around 57% lower than in the United Kingdom and 62% lower than in the United States.

This said, your living costs in Indonesia will vary depending on your lifestyle and location. To give you an idea, here’s a small snapshot of the cost of living in Indonesia’s most popular expat destinations, not including rent:

Location

Average living costs – single person/month (US$)*

Average living costs – family for 4/month (US$)*

Jakarta
$501.80
$1,710.00
Bali
$562.30
$1,993.90
Surabaya
$438.60
$1,481.80
Indonesia – average
$441.50
$1,514.50

*As of June 2024, Numbeo

Bali is the most expensive place to live in Indonesia. It’s even more expensive than Malaysia’s capital Kuala Lumpur, but still nowhere near the cost of living in South East Asia’s most expensive city, Singapore

Want a better sense of how to budget when living in Bali?
Take a look at our full guide to the cost of living in Bali

The good news for expats living in Indonesia, is that average salaries for skilled roles are relatively competitive, making it easy to enjoy a high standard of living wherever you choose to settle. While the average salary for people in Indonesia sits around US$6,300/£5,000, the median income for engineers is approximately US$23,000/£18,100 per year, while skilled tech workers can expect around US$51,000/£40,100 per year. 

To help gauge how far your salary will stretch, here’s a look at the cost of basic groceries in Indonesia:

Amenity

Average cost in Indonesia (US$)*

Milk (1 gallon)
$4.68
Loaf of bread
$1.00
Rice (1lb)
$0.38
12 eggs
$1.55
Local cheese (1lb)
$3.34
Chicken fillets (1lb)
$1.43
1.5 litre bottle of water
$0.42
Bottle of wine
$18.28
Domestic beer
$2.08
Imported beer
$2.93

*As of June 2024, Numbeo

When it comes to eating out, you can also expect to benefit from the very low cost of living in Indonesia:

Restaurants

Average cost in Indonesia (US$)*

Three-course meal for 2 at a restaurant
$15.23
Meal at a fast food restaurant
$3.05
Domestic beer (1 pint, draught)
$2.44
Cappuccino
$1.94
Small bottle of water
$0.31

*As of June 2024, Numbeo

Looking for the cheapest places to live in and relocate to?
Here are our picks of the best places with the lowest cost of living

Effects of the cost of living crisis in Indonesia

Indonesia is still grappling with the effects of the global cost of living crisis, though the situation is slowly improving. The country’s inflation rate, which saw a significant spike from 2% to over 6% in early 2022, has started to stabilise, settling around 3% in the early months of 2024. However, inflation is projected to remain above 2% until at least 2028, indicating prolonged economic challenges.

Rising inflation has caused the cost of living in Indonesia to increase somewhat significantly, affecting various aspects of daily life. The costs of consumer goods, housing and transportation have all seen substantial hikes, making it increasingly difficult for many Indonesians to make ends meet. This situation is exacerbated by slow income growth, which is widening the gap between the nation’s wealthiest and poorest citizens.

The Russian-Ukrainian war has also affected Indonesia, though Indonesia has opted to remain neutral and maintain trade relations with Russia. Indonesia’s trade with Russia was worth over US$1.5 billion in 2022, however the global repercussions of the conflict have not gone unnoticed, contributing to higher costs of imported goods and fuel. 

Overall, while the cost of living crisis has undoubtedly placed a strain on Indonesia’s economy and its people, the country’s strong governmental response and relative economic resilience provide a hopeful outlook for the future. The inflation rate, while still a concern, is being managed more effectively, bouncing back faster than many other South East Asian countries.

Cost of renting and buying property in Indonesia

Cost of renting in Indonesia

Rent in Indonesia is, on average, significantly lower than in many Western countries, making it an attractive destination for expats looking to balance affordability with quality of life. However, like most places, the cost of rent can vary considerably depending on where you choose to live. 

In Indonesia, your largest living expense will likely be rent, which could take up a substantial portion of your monthly budget.

On average, expats might spend around 20-30% of their income on rent.

However, the cost of renting in Indonesia is quite reasonable compared to many Western countries, with prices being 50-80% lower than in major cities like New York or London.

The cost of rent in Indonesia can fluctuate based on the city and the specific area within that city. For instance, Jakarta, the bustling capital, tends to have higher rental prices compared to other cities like Yogyakarta or Surabaya. Similarly, popular tourist destinations like Bali, Seminyah and Ubud tend to be more expensive.

Here are some of the maximum and minimum average monthly prices you can expect to pay to rent in Indonesia:

Location

Average rent for 1 bedroom in city centre (US$)*

Average rent for 1 bedroom outside the city centre (US$)*

Average rent for 3 bedroom in city centre (US$)*

Average rent for 3 bedroom outside the city centre (US$)*

Jakarta
$415.81
$239.37
$1,170.67
$632.77
Surabaya
$242.24
$160.29
$457.05
$307.75
Bali
$632.36
$419.66
$2,195.82
$1,415.68
Indonesia – average
$280.48
$159.54
$719.43
$409.82

*As of June 2024, Numbeo

Cost of buying property in Indonesia

Buying property in Indonesia as an expat can be somewhat challenging due to regulations aimed at preserving land ownership for Indonesian nationals. However, it is possible with the right approach and an understanding of the local laws.

In Indonesia, foreigners are not allowed to own freehold land directly.

Instead, they can acquire property through the following options:

  1. Leasehold – Expats can lease land for a period of up to 80 years, consisting of an initial 30-year lease, renewable for another 20 years and further extendable for another 30 years.
  2. Right to Use (Hak Pakai) – This is a title granted to foreigners, allowing them to use land for residential purposes. It is typically valid for 25 years and can be renewed, but only up to 70 years.
  3. Establishing a PMA (Foreign Investment Company) – By setting up a PMA, foreigners can own property under the company’s name. This method allows for more flexibility and control over the property.
  4. Marrying an Indonesian Citizen – Expats married to Indonesian citizens can purchase property in their spouse’s name, with agreements in place to ensure mutual control over the property.

When it comes to affordability, the cost of buying property in Indonesia is low compared to many Western countries. However, prices can vary significantly depending on location and property type.

There are also several additional costs involved in buying property in Indonesia:

  • Legal Fees: Typically around 1% of the property value
  • Registration fees: Approximately 0.2% of the property value
  • Agent Fees: Usually around 5% of the property value
  • Taxes: Transfer tax is about 5% of the property value
Purchasing your own home is one of the greatest joys in life as an expat
Discover the best and easiest countries to buy property abroad

What are the costs of household bills in Indonesia?

Household bills are fairly reasonable across Indonesia. However, they can vary significantly depending both on your location and the energy efficiency of your dwelling. You may also need to factor in additional costs such as service charges to your building owner.

These are the average costs of bills in Indonesia (not including rent):

Utilities (monthly)

Average cost in Indonesia (US$)*

Basic utilities (electricity, heating, cooling, water, garbage) for a regular-sized apartment
$63.51
Mobile phone monthly plan with calls and 10GB+ data
$4.45
Monthly home internet bill
$25.48

*As of June 2024, Numbeo

Life in Indonesia can come as a culture shock to someone born abroad
We share some tips on how to prepare for life in Indonesia as an expat
Traditional floating market at Lok Baintan, Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan, Indonesia
A traditional floating market at Lok Baintan, Indonesia / GETTY IMAGES

Cost of education in Indonesia

Indonesia is not renowned for its education system, ranking consistently low in international assessments for maths, literacy and science. While Indonesia is working to improve the quality of education through increased government spending, there remains a noticeable gap compared to other developed countries.

Many expats opt to send their children to international schools.

International schools offer a much higher standard of education compared to government run public schools, including the International Baccalaureate (IB), British, American, Australian and French systems.

The average yearly cost of sending a child to an international school in Jakarta was around US$31,000 in 2023

 

What is the cost of higher education in Indonesia? 

Indonesia’s higher education system is gradually improving, with some universities gaining international recognition. They also offer lots of English-taught courses, making them accessible to international students. 

Notably, these five Indonesian universities are listed in the QS World University Rankings 2025 Top 500:

The cost of university tuition in Indonesia will vary depending on the institution, the type of course you wish to study and the level of degree you pursue. As an international student, you may also be expected to pay higher fees than the ones advertised.

According to AECC Global, the average cost of university tuition fees across Indonesia may range from:

Level of education

Cost per academic year (US$)

Foundation degree, Diploma
$1,300 – $3,500
Undergraduate degree
$2,000 – $7,000
Postgraduate (Master’s) degree
$3,000 – $10,000
PhD
$3,500 – $13,500
Looking to give your children the best education?
These countries have the best education systems in the world

Cost of transport in Indonesia

Indonesia’s public transport system varies greatly depending on the city. 

Jakarta has the most developed public transport network in Indonesia, offering a combination of buses, commuter trains and the recently inaugurated MRT (Mass Rapid Transit) system, which gives commuters a reliable and efficient way to travel across the city for as little as US$0.30 a trip.

In cities like Surabaya, however, public transport is less developed, with the most common public options including buses and angkots (shared minivans).

Due to the limitations of public transport, many expats prefer using private vehicles. Motorcycles and scooters are the most common mode of private transport in Indonesia.

Here are the average costs of transport in Indonesia, including the cost of buying and running a car:

Transport type

Average cost in Indonesia (US$)*

One-way ticket (local transport)
$0.30
Monthly pass (local transport)
$9.45
Taxi starting tariff
$0.55
Taxi tariff per mile
$0.49
1 gallon of petrol
$3.11
Small family car, new
$28,450

*As of June 2024, Numbeo

Eco-friendly public transport options are important to expats
We look at where in the world has the best public transport options

Cost of healthcare in Indonesia

Healthcare in Indonesia varies widely in terms of quality and accessibility depending on whether you opt for public or private services. Understanding the healthcare landscape is crucial for expats to ensure they receive the best care possible.

Indonesia’s public healthcare system, known as BPJS, is available to all residents, including expats with valid work permits. However, the system is often overstretched and underfunded, with an average of just 3.84 health professionals per 1,000 inhabitants as of 2024, falling short of the WHO’s threshold of 4.45. This can lead to longer wait times and limited access to specialised care.

Many expats prefer private healthcare in Indonesia due to its higher quality, better access to specialist treatments and shorter wait times. Indonesia is well stocked with private hospitals, having over 1,000 private hospitals and clinics, particularly concentrated in urban areas and popular expat destinations like Bali and Jakarta.

Private medical care does of course come at a price, with a single doctor’s appointment costing anywhere from US$80–$165, while a single night’s stay at a hospital can cost upwards of US$100–$265.

It’s therefore important to consider international health insurance when living in Indonesia. This can help not only to manage the cost of healthcare in Indonesia, it can also guarantee access to private medical facilities as and when you need them. International health insurance will not only cover routine medical expenses, but also provide for emergency situations and medical evacuations if necessary. 

Are you considering moving to Indonesia soon?
Find everything you need to know about health insurance in Indonesia

Staying on budget while living in Indonesia

Here’s how to estimate your cost of living in Indonesia and budget for your daily expenses and savings in four simple steps: 

1/ Estimate your take-home pay

The first step to setting a budget for Indonesia is to work out how much money you have coming in. This will be your salary minus any taxes that apply. 

In Indonesia, income tax rates for expatriates range from 5% to 30%, depending on your income level and residency status. If you don’t have residency, you will pay a flat rate of 20%

Ensure you are clear on the specific tax implications for your salary to help you work out your take-home pay. If your country has a double taxation agreement with Indonesia, you may be exempt from local income tax so long as you continue to pay tax in your home country.

2/ Work out the cost of rent/mortgage payments

Housing will likely be one of your largest expenses. Rental prices can vary significantly depending on the city and type of accommodation. In major cities like Jakarta and Bali, you might spend a substantial portion of your income on rent, possibly around 20–30% of your monthly earnings. Make sure to account for this in your budget.

Remember, if you’ve yet to relocate, you’ll also need to budget for one-off moving costs in your first month, such as moving costs and visa fees.

3/ Calculate your monthly bills

The cost of basic utility bills in Indonesia comes to around US$63 per month for electricity, heating, cooling, water and garbage. Meanwhile, interest costs can add another US$26 per month, based on average costs in Indonesia. 

This is also the time to consider the costs of travel, mobile bills and insurance – including health insurance, which is highly recommended for anyone moving to Indonesia. 

4/ Set your monthly budget

Once you’ve worked through steps 1 to 3, you’ll be ready to subtract your monthly cost of living in Indonesia (rent and bills) from your salary, giving you a rough budget for everyday expenses like food and for saving. 

By following these steps, you can manage your finances effectively and enjoy your time in Indonesia without financial worries.

Got more questions about moving to Indonesia?
Our complete guide to living in Indonesia covers all you need to know

Insurance to help you manage the cost of living in Indonesia

William Russell has been helping expatriates like you settle into a new life overseas for over 30 years.

Our comprehensive insurance packages are specially designed to give you and your family the best possible lifestyle while living abroad. Our international health insurance ensures you can access high-quality medical care while living in Indonesia.

Speak to us today to find out more about how we could help you make the most of your new life in Indonesia.

Looking for international health insurance before your move to Indonesia?

Learn More

This article is part of our series of guides to expat life. It’s just for general information, and we don’t provide professional advice on finances or moving abroad (we’re an expat insurance provider). We update this article regularly to keep it useful as possible, but if you want to know more – please seek independent advice.

   

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Tax-Free Relocation Report: Which Tax-Free Countries Are The Cheapest For Expats To Move To? https://www.william-russell.com/blog/tax-free-countries-cheapest-for-expats/ Mon, 18 Dec 2023 14:15:43 +0000 https://wrmainstaging.wpengine.com/?p=37275 What is the real cost of relocating to tax-free countries and is it really worth it?

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Tax-free ‘havens’ are often touted as the dream locations to live in, but what is the real cost of relocating to these countries and is it really worth it? Our tax-free relocation report explores which tax-free countries are the cheapest for expats to move to.

There are an array of things that expats need to think about when relocating to another country. It is recommended that you purchase international income protection so that you are able to safeguard your lifestyle in the event of incapacity to work due to injury or illness.

William Russell Blog - countries that pay you to move there -couple walking down spanish sreet with suitcases22

Which tax-free countries are the cheapest for expats to move to?

As well as insurance, expats also need to consider various other costs, such as flights, rent and utility bills. Although some countries offer tax-free lifestyles, expats may actually spend more on everyday expenses.

With this in mind, which tax-free countries are the most and least affordable for expats to move to?

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The most affordable tax-free countries for expats

Oman is the most affordable tax-free country for expats

Top most affordable tax-free countries in the world

1/ Oman

Relocation score: 7.92/10

Oman is the most affordable tax-free country for expats

The most affordable tax-free country for expats to relocate to is Oman, earning a relocation score of 7.92/10. The country, located in the Middle East, has a population of around 4.6 million people. A one-way economy ticket to the country’s capital city, Muscat, will cost expats around £187 (US$227 or €214) from London and £405 (US$492 or €464) from New York.

On average, Oman is the cheapest country to purchase or rent an apartment in, as well as being the most affordable country in terms of monthly costs (excluding rent). It is also the third cheapest country for monthly utility bills, costing around £83 (US$103 or €96). The average monthly net salary in Oman is around £1,775 (US$2,205 or €2,051).

 

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2/ Kuwait

Relocation score: 6.49/10

Kuwait is the second most affordable tax-free country for expats

In second place is Kuwait, which received a relocation score of 6.49/10. Just like Oman, Kuwait is also located in the Middle East and has a population of approximately 4.3 million people. Expats can expect to pay around £131 (US$159 or €150) for a one-way economy ticket from London to the country’s capital, Kuwait City. Those flying from New York can expect to pay around £544 (US$660 or €623) for the same ticket.

Kuwait is the fourth cheapest country to rent an apartment in, costing around £624 (US$775 or €721) per month, on average. It is also the second most affordable country for both monthly costs and utility bills, joint with Brunei. The average monthly net salary in Kuwait is around £2,209 (US$2,743 or €2,552).

 

3/ Bahrain

Relocation score: 6.36/10

Bahrain is the third most affordable tax-free country for expats

Following closely behind and making the third appearance for the Middle East is Bahrain, earning a relocation score of 6.36/10. The country’s population is considerably smaller than those of Oman and Kuwait, standing at around 1.5 million people. A one-way economy ticket to the country’s capital city, Manama, will cost expats approximately £146 (US$177 or €167) from London and £427 (US$518 or €489) from New York.

Bahrain is the second cheapest country to purchase an apartment in, costing around £139 (US$173 or €161) per square metre, on average. It is the fifth most affordable country for both monthly costs and utility bills. The average monthly net salary in Bahrain is £1,668 (US$2,072 or €1,927).

 

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4/ United Arab Emirates

Relocation score: 5.84/10

United Arab Emirates is the fourth most affordable tax-free country for expats

Coming in fourth is the United Arab Emirates, which received a relocation score of 5.84/10. The country has a population of approximately 9.5 million people. Expats can expect to pay around £127 (US$154 or €145) for a one-way economy ticket from London to the country’s capital, Abu Dhabi. Those flying from New York can expect to pay around £437 (US$530 or €500) for the same ticket.

It costs around £818 (US$1,016 or €945) per month to rent an apartment in the United Arab Emirates. On average, expats will pay around £136 (US$169 or €157) for utilities per month and have monthly costs of approximately £772 (US$959 or €893) in the country. The average monthly net salary in the United Arab Emirates is around £2,797 (US$3,474 or €3,232).

 

5/ Brunei

Relocation score: 5.58/10

Brunei is the fifth most affordable tax-free country for expats

In fifth place is Brunei, earning a relocation score of 5.58/10. The country is a tiny nation in Asia and has a population of almost 454,000 people. A one-way economy ticket to the country’s capital city, Bandar Seri Begawan, will cost expats around £776 (US$942 or €889) from London and £1,018 (US$1,236 or €1,166) from New York.

Brunei is the second cheapest country to rent an apartment in, costing around £396 (US$492 or €457) per month, on average. It is also the second most affordable country for both monthly costs and utility bills, joint with Kuwait. The average monthly net salary in Brunei is £1,381 (US$1,715 or €1,595).

 

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6/ Maldives

Relocation score: 5.32/10

The Maldives are the sixth most affordable tax-free country for expats

The Maldives is the sixth most affordable tax-free country, receiving a relocation score of 5.32/10. The country is located in South Asia and has a population of approximately 518,700 people. Expats can expect to pay around £437 (US$530 or €500) for a one-way economy ticket from London to the country’s capital, Malé. Those flying from New York can expect to pay around £595 (US$722 or €681) for the same ticket.

The Maldives is the third cheapest country to both buy and rent an apartment in, costing around £159 (US$197 or €183) per square metre and £596 (US$740 or €689) per month respectively. It is also the third cheapest tax-free country in terms of monthly costs, with expats having around £636 (US$791 or €735) worth of expenses each month. The average monthly net salary in the Maldives is £745 (US$926 or €861).

 

7/ Qatar

Relocation score: 5.06/10

Qatar is the seventh most affordable tax-free country for expats

Coming in seventh and making yet another appearance for the Middle East is Qatar, earning a relocation score of 5.06/10. The country has a population of approximately 2.7 million people. A one-way economy ticket to the country’s capital, Doha, will cost expats around £293 (US$356 or €335) from London and £454 (US$551 or €520) from New York.

On average, it costs around £324 (US$403 or €375) per square metre to buy an apartment in Qatar. It is the fourth most affordable tax-free country when it comes to monthly utilities, costing approximately £90 (US$112 or €104). The average monthly net salary in Qatar is £3,484 (US$4,327 or €4,025).

 

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8/ Bahamas

Relocation score: 4.16/10

The Bahamas is the eighth most affordable tax-free country for expats

In eighth place is the Bahamas, which received a relocation score of 4.16/10. The Caribbean country has a population of around 413,600 people. Expats can expect to pay around £794 (US$964 or €909) for a one-way economy ticket from London to the country’s capital, Nassau. Those flying from New York can expect to pay around £108 (US$131 or €124) for the same ticket.

It costs around £904 (US$1,122 or €1,044) per month to rent an apartment in the Bahamas, on average. Expats living in the Bahamas will pay around £229 (US$285 or €265) for utilities per month and have monthly expenses of approximately £1,119 (US$1,391 or €1,294). The average monthly net salary in the country is £1,496 (US$1,858 or €1,729).

8/ Monaco

Relocation score: 4.16/10

Monaco is the eighth most affordable tax-free country for expats

Also in eighth place is Monaco, which is located on the French Riviera and has a population of approximately 36,000 people. A one-way economy ticket to Nice (the nearest airport to Monaco) will cost expats around £43 (US$52 or €49) from London and £349 (US$424 or €400) from New York. The journey from Nice to Monaco, which can be completed by car, train or ferry, can take between 20 and 45 minutes, depending on the chosen mode of transport.

Despite the relatively affordable flights, living in Monaco can be expensive. Renting an apartment in the country costs around £4,002 ($4,970 or €4,623) per month on average. Additionally, monthly bills amount to approximately £1,710 (US$2,125 or €1,977) and utilities cost around £257 (US$319 or €297) per month. However, due to the high cost of living, the average monthly net salary in Monaco is £5,814 (US$7,221 or €6,718).

10/ Cayman Islands

Relocation score: 3.77/10

The Cayman Island are the tenth most affordable tax-free country for expats

The Cayman Islands are the tenth most affordable tax-free country, earning a relocation score of 3.77/10. The three islands are located in the West Caribbean Sea and have a population of just less than 70,000 people. Expats can expect to pay around £668 (US$811 or €765) for a one-way economy ticket from London to the capital, George Town. Those flying from New York can expect to pay around £238 (US$289 or €272) for the same ticket.

On average, it costs around £913 (US$1,134 or €1,054) per square metre to purchase an apartment in the Cayman Islands. Monthly costs are approximately £1,425 (US$1,770 or €1,647) and the average utility bill is around £329 (US$409 or €381) per month. The average monthly net salary in the Cayman Islands is £3,729 (US$4,631 or €4,308).

11/ Bermuda

Relocation score: 3.25/10

Bermuda is the eleventh most affordable tax-free country for expats

In eleventh place is Bermuda, which received a relocation score of 3.25/10. The island territory is located in the North Atlantic Ocean and has a population of approximately 64,000 people. A one-way economy ticket to the territory’s only airport will cost expats around £1,652 (US$2,005 or €1,892) from London and £403 (US$489 or €461) from New York.

On average, it costs around £2,178 (US$2,705 or €2,517) per month to rent an apartment in Bermuda. Expats can expect to pay approximately £225 (US$280 or €261) per month for their utilities and have monthly costs of around £1,660 (US$2,063 or €1,919). The average monthly net salary in Bermuda is £5,435 (US$6,750 or €6,280).

12/ Vanuatu

Relocation score: 2.08/10

Vanuatu is the twelth most affordable tax-free country for expats

Finally, completing the list is Vanuatu, earning a relocation score of 2.08/10. The country is located in Oceania and has a population of approximately 337,600 people. Expats can expect to pay around £1,164 (US$1,413 or €1,333) for a one-way economy ticket from London to the country’s capital city, Port Vila. Those flying from New York can expect to pay around £1,364 (US$1,656 or €1,562) for the same ticket.

It will cost expats approximately £431 (US$535 or €498) per square metre for an apartment in Vanuatu. Monthly costs are around £896 (US$1,113 or €1,035) and utility bills are approximately £160 (US$198 or €185) per month on average. However, the average monthly net salary in Vanuatu is just £496 (US$616 or €573).

What if your best made plans break down when working abroad?
Learn more about how expat income protection insurance can help

Wherever you move, go with total peace of mind

At William Russell, we have over 30 years’ experience of helping expatriates find the best places in the world to move abroad and settle into their new lives overseas.

Making the move to another country can be challenging. But no matter where you choose to live and work abroad, you can consider purchasing global income protection. By doing this, you will be provided with a regular monthly income in the case of an injury or illness preventing you from working. This will allow you to financially support yourself and/or your family by paying you a proportion of your lost earnings whilst you focus on your recovery.

Looking to protect your income while you’re living and working abroad?

Get a Quote

Methodology

We began by using Nomad Capitalist to create a seed list of countries that have a 0% personal income tax rate. Western Sahara was removed due to being a territory rather than a country and Somalia was removed due to the ongoing advisories to not travel to the country. Both Nauru and Saint Kitts & Nevis were removed due to lack of/unreliable data. We used Trading Economics to verify that all 12 remaining countries currently have a 0% personal income tax rate.

Next, we used Google Flights to source the cost of a one-way economy ticket from both London and New York, to each tax-free country. The flight date was set to 1/11/2023 and all currencies were converted on 31/10/2023.

We then used Numbeo to gather the following factors for each tax-free country: the cost to buy an apartment (per square metre), the cost to rent an apartment, the average monthly net salary, the cost of utilities per month and general monthly costs.

To work out the average cost per square metre to buy an apartment, we took the average cost for both in and outside the city centre and divided the total by two. To work out the average cost for rent per month, we took the average cost for a one-bedroom apartment both in and outside the city centre and divided the total by two. For monthly costs, we took the single-person household figure. All data was collected and all currencies (rounded to the nearest US$, £ or €) were converted on 6/11/23.

Finally, each tax-free country was given a normalised score out of 10 for each factor before an average of these scores was taken to form the relocation score.

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The Best & Easiest Countries To Buy Property Abroad As An Expat In 2025 https://www.william-russell.com/blog/best-easiest-countries-buy-property-abroad/ Tue, 07 Nov 2023 13:47:58 +0000 https://wrmainstaging.wpengine.com/?p=35071 When it comes to buying a house in a foreign country, you’ll want to be sure your investment is sound.

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The Cost Of Living In Bali For Expats https://www.william-russell.com/blog/expat-cost-of-living-bali/ Fri, 28 Jul 2023 14:32:04 +0000 https://wrmainstaging.wpengine.com/?p=31884 Bali is an incredible destination for expats, but is it expensive? We look at the cost of living in Bali.

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The Cost Of Living In South Africa For Expats https://www.william-russell.com/blog/expat-cost-of-living-south-africa/ Wed, 19 Apr 2023 09:11:03 +0000 https://wrmainstaging.wpengine.com/?p=28202 We explore how much it costs to live in South Africa for expats and digital nomads.

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The Cost Of Living In Malaysia For Expats https://www.william-russell.com/blog/expat-cost-of-living-malaysia/ Tue, 21 Feb 2023 15:37:33 +0000 https://wrmainstaging.wpengine.com/?p=26089 Here’s everything you need to know to budget for your dream lifestyle in Malaysia.

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The Cost Of Living In Egypt For Expats https://www.william-russell.com/blog/expat-cost-of-living-egypt/ Mon, 20 Feb 2023 14:59:46 +0000 https://wrmainstaging.wpengine.com/?p=26068 We look at the effects of the cost of living crisis on expats and digital nomads in Egypt.

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The Cost Of Living In Singapore For Expats https://www.william-russell.com/blog/expat-cost-of-living-singapore/ Tue, 14 Feb 2023 14:06:16 +0000 https://wrmainstaging.wpengine.com/?p=25683 How has the cost of living crisis affected expats and digital nomads living in Singapore?

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